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SS ''Atlantic Empress'' was a Greek oil tanker that in 1979 collided with the oil tanker ''Aegean Captain'' in the Caribbean, and eventually sank, having created the fifth largest oil spill on record and the largest ship-based spill. ==Ship history== The ''Atlantic Empress'' was a large crude oil carrier built at the ''Odense Staalskibsværft'' shipyard in Odense, Denmark, and launched on 16 February 1974. At the time of her sinking she was owned by the South Gulf Shipping Company of Greece, and flagged in Liberia.〔 ===Collision and sinking=== On 19 July 1979 ''Atlantic Empress'' collided with the ''Aegean Captain'', another fully laden Greek supertanker, 18 miles east of the island of Tobago. At the time of the collision ''Atlantic Empress'' was sailing from Saudi Arabia to Beaumont, Texas, with a cargo of light crude oil owned by Mobil Oil. ''Aegean Captain'' was en route to Singapore from Aruba. In heavy rain and thick fog the two ships did not sight each other until they were apart. ''Aegean Captain'' changed course, but it was too late to avoid a collision, and at 7:15 p.m the two ships impacted, with the ''Empress'' tearing a hole in the ''Captain''s starboard bow. Large fires began on each ship, which were soon beyond the control of the crews, who abandoned their ships.〔 The collision and fire claimed the lives of 26 of the ''Empresss crew members, and one crew member on the ''Captain''. The remaining crew from both ships were taken to Tobago for medical treatment, while the ''Empress''s captain was transported to a hospital in Texas, having inhaled fire.〔 Firefighters from the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard brought the fires aboard the ''Captain'' under control the next day, and members of her crew returned to the ship, and were able to bring her into Curaçao, where her cargo was off-loaded. Meanwhile a five-man specialist emergency crew from the Dutch Salvage organization Smit International 〔Jan Sonneveld, one of the five salvage team〕 and the German Bugsier, managed by a Salvage inspector of Smit International attempts to control the fire aboard ''Empress'', and contain the spreading oil slick. Two tugs (one of them being the ''Smit Zwarte Zee''), towed the burning ship further out to sea.〔 On 24 July, a week after the collision, the ''Empress'' was still burning, and also listing, when an explosion occurred that increased the rate of flow. The next day another larger explosion increased the rate to 7,000-15,000 gallons an hour, twice the previous rate. Finally, on 3 August, the ''Empress'' finally sank at position , having spilled 287,000 metric tonnes of crude oil into the Caribbean Sea.〔 By comparison, in the ''Exxon Valdez'' spill ten years later only 37,000 metric tonnes of oil was released. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Atlantic Empress」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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